El alcohol y la conducción

El consumo de alcohol, solo o junto con el consumo de otras sustancias psicoactivas, constituye posiblemente el factor de riesgo más importante de accidente de tránsito y de lesiones asociadas a los mismos.

Los datos sobre siniestros asociados al consumo de alcohol son impresionantes: según los datos del Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, el 67,1% de los casos con resultado positivo se detecta alcohol solo o asociado con otras drogas y/o psicofármacos.

Por otra parte, el 39,1% de los conductores y el 39,9% de los peatones fallecidos presentaron resultados positivos en sangre a drogas y/o psicofármacos y/o alcohol.

La conducción con 0,5 g/l de etanol en sangre supone casi el doble de probabilidad de sufrir un accidente de circulación respecto a la conducción sin ingestión de alcohol, y aumenta dicha probabilidad progresivamente a partir de esta concentración; así con 0,8 g/l el riesgo es casi cinco veces mayor que el que presentan los que no han bebido alcohol.

En los jóvenes los efectos del alcohol sobre la conducción son más relevantes si cabe. Las características asociadas a la propia juventud (menos experiencia en conducir, consumos elevados los fines de semana, consumo concomitante de otras sustancias, conducta desinhibida, etc.) hacen que este grupo de edad sea particularmente vulnerable.

Existen algunos conceptos asociados al alcohol y la conducción que deberías conocer:

Alcoholemia: Cantidad de alcohol que tiene una persona en determinado momento en su sangre.

Alcoholometría: Examen o prueba de laboratorio, o por medio técnico que determina el nivel de alcohol etílico en la sangre.

Alcoholuria: Examen o prueba de laboratorio, o por otro medio técnico que determina el nivel de alcohol etílico en la orina.

Alcohosensor: Sistema para determinar alcohol en aire exhalado.

¿Qué pasa si me niego a una prueba de alcoholemia?

Si usted, por cualquier razón, no accede a realizarse una prueba de alcoholemia está sujeto a que la Policía de Tránsito, en primer lugar, registre en video la escena y, después, inmovilice su vehículo, le imponga un comparendo (con la observación de que no accedió a la realización de la prueba) y le retenga la licencia de conducción para dejarla a disposición de la autoridad administrativa, como la Secretaría de Movilidad.

Todo esto está estipulado en la Ley 1696 del 19 de diciembre de 2013, que establece en el artículo 5, parágrafo 3, el procedimiento en caso de que el presunto infractor sea solicitado.

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